Berchemia discolor, also known as the Brown Ivory tree, is a widespread tree or shrub found in Eastern and Southern Africa. It is valued as an important timber species in Southern Africa. This medium to large tree can be deciduous or evergreen, depending on the climate, and usually grows to 10 meters but can reach up to 20 meters in ideal conditions. It thrives in dry open woodlands, semi-arid bushlands, and along riverbanks, making it adaptable to various landscapes.

The tree’s leaves are simple and nearly opposite. They have a glossy dark green appearance on the upper side and a lighter underside. Flowering happens in summer, from October to January, when small clusters of greenish-yellow flowers grow from the leaf axils. These flowers are followed by ovoid drupe fruits that turn yellow or pale orange when ripe. The fruit is edible and sweet, often used to make beer or flavored porridge.

Wildlife depends on the Brown Ivory tree for food. Large herbivores like elephants, giraffes, kudu, bushbucks, impalas, and damara dik-diks browse its leaves. Its sweet fruits are eaten by baboons, vervet monkeys, and birds such as louries, pigeons, starlings, barbets, and hornbills.

Berchemia discolor is a hardy species, tolerant of drought and able to survive in regions with infrequent rainfall. However, it is not resistant to frost or cold winds. It grows best in areas with a mean annual temperature of 17°C to 28°C but can tolerate temperatures between 10°C and 38°C. It grows well on various soils but performs best on well-drained ones.

This tree is valued for its striking appearance, drought resistance, and ability to provide shade. It is a popular choice for conservation areas and urban green spaces. It also supports local wildlife and provides valuable timber, making it a key species for sustainable land management and biodiversity preservation.