The Cape chestnut is not a true chestnut, it earned its common name due to the resemblance of its seed pods. Its botanical name is derived from the Greek words kalos (beautiful) and dendron (tree), while capense is Latin for “from the Cape.” Loved for its ornamental value, it is often planted in botanical gardens and along roadsides. Although native to the Cape, this beautiful, semi-deciduous tree also grows naturally in various parts of South Africa including Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, and the Western Cape.

The tree has a single, smooth trunk with streaky grey bark that becomes beautifully mottled and lichen-covered as it ages. Its canopy is round and well-shaped, offering excellent shade. The leaves are dark green, large, simple, and elliptic with softly wavy, untoothed edges. Calodendrum capense begins to flower at around eight years old. The large, sweetly scented pink blossoms cover the entire canopy in early summer. These flowers are not only beautiful, but they are also rich in nectar, attracting bees, butterflies, and birds. After blooming, the tree produces rough, five-lobed woody capsules which release shiny, smooth black seeds. Although the seeds are hard, they are very light and have even been known to float on water, aiding in their natural dispersal.

Calodendrum capense grows best in sunny, moist areas with well-drained soil. While it is fairly frost tolerant, young trees benefit from some protection during cold weather. Its non-aggressive root system makes it a safe choice near buildings, paving, and other garden features. Because of its canopy shape and vibrant flowers, it is a popular choice for parks, large gardens, and as a feature tree along avenues. It can also be planted as a windbreak or shade tree. Its slow to moderate growth rate makes it easier to manage, this tree responds well to pruning.

In some African cultures, oil extracted from Cape chestnut seeds (Yangu oil) is used in traditional skincare for its natural sun protection and moisturizing properties. The flowers are sometimes used in traditional ceremonies and decorations, while the bark has been studied for its potential medicinal properties.