Known as the Goat willow or Pussy willow, Salix caprea is a tree native to Europe, as well as Western and Central Asia. The species name “caprea,” which means “goat,” comes from the tree’s historical use as fodder for goats. This deciduous tree typically reaches a height of about 10 meters. The Goat willow has been celebrated in various cultures, often symbolizing renewal and resilience due to its early spring blooms.

Salix caprea features alternate, broadly elliptic leaves measuring 5 to 12 cm in length. The leaves are glossy green on top, while their undersides are adorned with a soft, white, downy layer. The tree is notable for its spreading, upright branches, vibrant autumn foliage, and distinctive furry catkins. These catkins emerge in late winter to early spring, creating a striking display against the bare branches, and are often used in floral arrangements and decorations. Additionally, the Goat willow is known to hybridize with various other Salix species, producing fertile offspring that exhibit a mix of traits.

While sensitive to prolonged flooding, Salix caprea thrives in various soil types and climatic conditions. Its wide distribution and ecological adaptability make it an incredibly versatile species commonly used for biomass production, gardening, and hedges. Beyond its ornamental uses, the tree also holds medicinal properties; extracts from its bark and leaves have been employed as pain relievers, astringents, antiseptics, and even treatments for malaria.The tree provides crucial habitat and food for various wildlife, including insects and birds, making it an essential part of many ecosystems.It plays a role in soil stabilization, preventing erosion along riverbanks and contributing to habitat diversity in wetland areas.